The Shar Pei is one of the most distinctive and unique dog breeds, known for its wrinkled skin, deep-set eyes, and “hippopotamus” face. This breed has captured the hearts of dog lovers worldwide due to its fascinating appearance and complex history. While Shar Peis are recognized for their physical features, there is so much more to this breed. This article will explore what Shar Peis are known for, focusing on their appearance, temperament, history, and special care requirements.
The Wrinkled Appearance: The Signature Look
The most notable feature of the Shar Pei is its deeply wrinkled skin. The breed’s wrinkles are one of its most recognizable traits, and they give the dog a distinctive, almost comical look. These wrinkles cover the dog’s face and body, giving it a unique appearance unlike any other breed.
Origin of the Wrinkles
The wrinkles of the Shar Pei are a result of selective breeding in ancient China. The original Shar Peis were bred to be fighting dogs and were selected for their loose skin, which helped protect vital organs in battle. The wrinkled skin also made it more difficult for opponents to grab hold of the dog. Over time, these wrinkles became a key characteristic of the breed.
These deep folds, however, require regular maintenance. Without proper care, the folds can trap dirt, moisture, and bacteria, which could lead to skin infections. Regular cleaning and drying of the wrinkles are necessary to keep the dog healthy.
The “Hippopotamus” Face: A Unique Expression
Shar Peis are also well known for their unique “hippopotamus” face. Their wide, flat noses, paired with their deep-set eyes and prominent cheekbones, create an expression that has made them a popular subject for dog enthusiasts and breeders. Their faces are also one of the reasons why this breed stands out in a crowd.
The Importance of Their Face in History
The broad face of the Shar Pei is functional in addition to being aesthetically unique. Historically, the shape of the face and head was bred to help the dog with its fighting ability. The wide, square face was essential for protecting the dog during fights, allowing it to withstand bites and attacks from opponents.
Although the breed no longer serves as a fighting dog, its “hippopotamus” face is still a defining characteristic that makes it both charming and distinctive.
Coat Type: A Unique Texture
Shar Peis are known for their short, bristly coat, which is often described as “horse-like.” The breed’s coat is unique in its texture, feeling rough and prickly to the touch. The coat is generally solid in color and comes in a variety of shades, including fawn, black, red, blue, and sable. The coat is typically quite short, adding to the breed’s low-maintenance grooming requirements.
Maintaining the Coat
Unlike many other dog breeds that require regular brushing and grooming, the Shar Pei’s short coat does not need much attention. However, regular baths are important to keep the dog clean and free from odor. The dog’s coat is also hypoallergenic, making it a good choice for people with allergies.
However, it’s important to note that Shar Peis are prone to skin issues, such as pyoderma, due to their folds and deep skin. Regular bathing with appropriate dog shampoos and wiping down their folds will help keep them comfortable and healthy.
Temperament: Calm, Independent, and Loyal
Shar Peis are known for their calm, independent nature. They are not as energetic as some other breeds, and they tend to enjoy lounging and relaxing around the house. While they are friendly with their families, they can sometimes be aloof or reserved with strangers. This makes them excellent watchdogs, as they are naturally protective of their home and loved ones.
Loyalty and Affection
Shar Peis are very loyal to their families and often bond strongly with their owners. They can be affectionate and enjoy spending time with their people, but they may not be as overtly affectionate as some other breeds. Instead, their affection is shown in subtler ways, such as sitting close to their owners or following them around the house.
Intelligence and Independence
While Shar Peis are intelligent, they can also be quite independent. They are not always eager to please, which can make training a bit more challenging compared to other breeds. However, with patience, consistency, and positive reinforcement, Shar Peis can learn commands and house rules. Their independent streak means that they may not always follow commands immediately, but they can be trained successfully with time and effort.
History: Ancient Origins and Cultural Significance
The Shar Pei has a rich and fascinating history that dates back over 2,000 years. The breed originated in China, where it was initially used for hunting and as a guard dog. In ancient China, the Shar Pei was highly valued for its protective nature and its ability to assist in hunting larger game, such as boars.
The Role of the Shar Pei in Chinese History
The Shar Pei’s name, which means “sand skin” in Chinese, refers to the breed’s unique rough coat. In ancient China, the Shar Pei was used not only for hunting but also as a fighting dog. The breed was highly regarded by Chinese peasants, who valued its loyalty and courage.
However, during the 20th century, the breed faced near extinction. The Chinese government, under Mao Zedong, began discouraging the breeding of dogs, and many Shar Peis were lost. It wasn’t until the 1970s that the breed was rediscovered and brought to international attention.
Revival of the Breed
The Shar Pei gained worldwide popularity in the 1980s when a breeder in Hong Kong successfully revived the breed. With the help of international breeders, the Shar Pei made its way to the United States and other countries, where it became a popular companion dog. Today, the breed is still cherished for its unique appearance and calm, loving personality.
Health Considerations: Caring for a Shar Pei
Shar Peis are generally healthy dogs, but they are prone to some specific health issues that owners should be aware of. Because of their wrinkled skin, they are more susceptible to skin infections, which require regular cleaning and maintenance. Additionally, the Shar Pei’s eyes are prone to a condition known as entropion, where the eyelids roll inward, causing irritation to the eyes.
Common Health Issues
Skin Infections: The folds in a Shar Pei’s skin can trap dirt, moisture, and bacteria, leading to skin infections. It’s essential for owners to clean and dry the folds regularly to prevent infection.
Entropion: This condition, which affects the Shar Pei’s eyes, occurs when the eyelids turn inward, causing the eyelashes to irritate the eye. This condition can be painful and may require surgery to correct.
Hip Dysplasia: Like many larger dog breeds, Shar Peis can be prone to hip dysplasia, a genetic condition where the hip joint doesn’t develop properly. Regular veterinary checkups can help detect this early.
Exercise and Diet Needs
Shar Peis are not particularly active dogs. While they enjoy daily walks, they don’t require intense exercise. However, regular exercise is still important to keep them healthy and prevent obesity. Their diet should consist of high-quality dog food that provides the right balance of nutrients to support their overall health.
Training a Shar Pei: A Mix of Patience and Persistence
Shar Peis are not known for their eagerness to please, and they can be a challenge to train. Their independent nature means they may not always follow commands immediately. This doesn’t mean they can’t be trained, but it does require a patient and persistent approach. Positive reinforcement, such as treats and praise, works best with this breed. Harsh training methods are not effective and can damage the dog’s trust in its owner.
Socialization
It’s important to socialize Shar Peis early in their lives to help them get comfortable with strangers, other dogs, and new environments. While they are naturally protective, early socialization can help reduce any tendency toward shyness or aggression.
Conclusion:
Shar Peis are unique dogs with a distinctive appearance and an intriguing history. They are best known for their wrinkled skin, “hippopotamus” face, and calm, independent temperament. While they may require some special care, particularly regarding their skin and eyes, they make excellent companions for families who can provide them with the attention they need.
If you are considering adding a Shar Pei to your family, it’s important to be aware of the breed’s specific care needs. With proper grooming, training, and medical care, the Shar Pei can be a loyal, loving, and low-maintenance companion. Their distinctive looks and personality make them stand out, and their history as a companion breed in China adds an extra layer of depth to their character. Whether lounging on the couch or keeping watch over the home, the Shar Pei is a breed that is sure to capture your heart.