The Shar Pei is a distinctive and fascinating dog breed, recognized for its wrinkled face, blue-black tongue, and unique “hippopotamus” appearance. Originally from China, this breed has an intriguing history that dates back over 2,000 years. Known for their loyalty, intelligence, and calm demeanor, Shar Peis have become popular around the world, both as companions and show dogs.
However, what many people may not realize is that the Shar Pei has a long-standing reputation for survival. Despite being on the brink of extinction in the 20th century, this breed has persevered, and some of the oldest Shar Peis are still alive today. In this article, we will explore the history of the breed, what makes the Shar Pei unique, and the oldest Shar Pei known in modern times.
The History of the Shar Pei
The Shar Pei has ancient roots. It is believed to have originated in the southern regions of China, specifically in the Guangdong province, around 2,000 years ago. These dogs were originally bred for a variety of purposes, including hunting, guarding, and as fighting dogs. The breed’s signature wrinkled skin was thought to help protect it from attacks during fights, making it more difficult for opponents to get a firm grip.
The name “Shar Pei” itself means “sand skin,” referring to the coarse, bristly coat that these dogs have. The breed was highly valued in China, but by the mid-20th century, their numbers had dwindled significantly. During the Chinese Civil War and the following decades, the breed faced near extinction. As China’s political and economic circumstances changed, the Shar Pei was almost lost forever.
In the 1970s, however, the breed was rediscovered by American breeders, who played a pivotal role in reviving the Shar Pei. The breed quickly gained popularity in the United States and around the world, especially after winning the 1978 Westminster Dog Show.
Characteristics of the Shar Pei
The Shar Pei is a medium-sized dog, typically standing between 18 to 20 inches at the shoulder and weighing between 45 to 60 pounds. It is known for its distinct physical features, which set it apart from other breeds.
Wrinkles
The Shar Pei’s most notable feature is its abundance of wrinkles, which cover the dog’s face, neck, and sometimes the body. The skin folds were originally bred into the dog for protection during fights. However, these folds also give the Shar Pei its unique and endearing look. Today, the wrinkles are still one of the breed’s most recognizable characteristics.
Coat
The Shar Pei has two types of coats: the “horse coat” and the “brush coat.” The horse coat is short and bristly, while the brush coat is longer and softer. Both coats are known for being relatively easy to care for, but the horse coat is more common.
Tongue and Face
Another unique feature of the Shar Pei is its blue-black tongue, which it shares with other breeds like the Chow Chow. The breed’s face is broad and flat, with deep-set eyes that give it a serious yet affectionate expression. The ears are small and triangular, and the tail is often curled over the back.
Personality
Despite their tough appearance, Shar Peis are calm and affectionate dogs. They are known for being loyal to their families and can form strong bonds with their owners. They are also generally quiet and reserved, making them excellent companions for those who appreciate a more laid-back dog.
While Shar Peis are not overly energetic, they do require regular exercise to stay healthy. A brisk walk or playtime in the yard is usually enough to keep them content. They are independent thinkers, which can make training a bit of a challenge, but with patience and consistency, they are intelligent dogs that can learn quickly.
The Oldest Shar Pei: Longevity in the Breed
Like many dog breeds, the lifespan of a Shar Pei is typically between 8 and 12 years. However, there have been exceptional cases where Shar Peis have lived much longer, surpassing the typical lifespan for the breed. Some of these dogs have reached remarkable ages, leading to questions about the factors that contribute to the longevity of these beloved pets.
Genetics and Health
One of the key factors that influence the lifespan of a dog is its genetic makeup. Shar Peis are generally healthy dogs, but like all breeds, they are prone to certain health issues. The most common health problems in Shar Peis include hip dysplasia, entropion (a condition where the eyelids roll inward), and respiratory issues due to their flat faces (brachycephalic). Additionally, their wrinkled skin can cause skin infections if not properly cleaned and maintained.
The oldest Shar Peis tend to be those that have had the benefit of careful breeding and attention to health. In recent years, breeders have focused on improving the breed’s health by eliminating genetic disorders and focusing on traits that promote longevity. Regular veterinary care, proper nutrition, and a good environment also play significant roles in a Shar Pei’s lifespan.
A Case of Remarkable Longevity
One of the most famous cases of an exceptionally old Shar Pei is a dog named “Bobby,” who holds the record for being one of the oldest Shar Peis ever recorded. Bobby lived to the impressive age of 16, a full four years beyond the average life expectancy of the breed. His story is a testament to the potential for longevity in Shar Peis when given proper care and attention.
Bobby’s owners were careful to maintain a balanced diet, regular exercise routine, and routine veterinary check-ups. He also benefited from a calm and stable environment, which may have contributed to his long life. His case serves as an inspiration for Shar Pei owners who want to give their dogs the best chance at a long and healthy life.
The Role of Diet and Exercise
As with all dogs, the diet and exercise habits of a Shar Pei play a significant role in its longevity. While the breed does not require extreme exercise, it is essential to maintain a regular routine that includes walks and playtime. Proper nutrition is also critical. High-quality dog food that meets the specific needs of the Shar Pei, such as joint health and skin care, can help prevent common health issues that shorten their lifespan.
For example, a well-balanced diet rich in essential fatty acids can promote healthy skin and prevent common issues like dermatitis, which is common in Shar Peis. Additionally, foods that promote joint health can help prevent conditions like hip dysplasia, which can be a concern for older Shar Peis.
How to Ensure Your Shar Pei Lives a Long and Healthy Life
If you’re a Shar Pei owner and want to help your dog live as long as possible, there are several steps you can take to ensure their health and well-being:
1. Regular Vet Visits
Routine vet check-ups are essential to catch any health issues early. A vet can provide vaccinations, preventatives, and treatments that can help your Shar Pei stay healthy.
2. Proper Diet
Feeding your Shar Pei a high-quality, balanced diet tailored to its age, weight, and health needs is crucial. Special attention should be given to food that supports joint and skin health.
3. Maintain a Healthy Weight
Like many dogs, Shar Peis are prone to obesity. Keeping your dog at a healthy weight is vital for its long-term health. Overweight dogs are at a higher risk for developing joint problems, diabetes, and other health issues.
4. Regular Exercise
While Shar Peis are not as high-energy as some other breeds, they still need regular exercise to stay fit and mentally stimulated. Daily walks and some playtime are usually sufficient.
5. Grooming and Skin Care
The Shar Pei’s wrinkles require regular cleaning to prevent skin infections. Make sure to clean between the folds with a mild cleanser and dry thoroughly to prevent moisture buildup, which can lead to fungal infections.
Conclusion
The Shar Pei is a breed known for its striking appearance, calm demeanor, and longevity. While the average lifespan of a Shar Pei is 8 to 12 years, some dogs have been known to live much longer, with exceptional cases like Bobby, the 16-year-old Shar Pei, breaking the typical expectations.
The longevity of the Shar Pei is influenced by several factors, including genetics, diet, exercise, and overall care. By providing proper health maintenance, regular vet visits, a balanced diet, and an active lifestyle, Shar Pei owners can help their dogs live long, happy lives.
As we look back at the history of the Shar Pei, it’s clear that this breed has not only survived but thrived due to the dedication of breeders and owners who understand the unique needs of this remarkable dog. With continued care, the Shar Pei will continue to be a beloved companion for many years to come.