Bernese Mountain Dogs, known for their striking appearance and gentle temperament, are a beloved breed that has earned the admiration of families around the world. With their thick, beautiful coats and sturdy build, Bernese Mountain Dogs make excellent companions, especially for those who lead an active lifestyle. However, like all breeds, Bernese Mountain Dogs are susceptible to certain health problems that prospective and current owners should be aware of. In this article, we will explore the common health problems associated with Bernese Mountain Dogs, their potential causes, and ways to manage or prevent them.
Introduction to Bernese Mountain Dogs
The Bernese Mountain Dog is a large, sturdy breed that originates from the Swiss Alps. Known for their intelligence, loyalty, and calm demeanor, these dogs make wonderful family pets and excel in tasks such as herding and pulling carts. They are typically very affectionate and enjoy spending time with their families, often forming strong bonds with their human companions. Despite their strong appearance, Bernese Mountain Dogs are prone to certain genetic and environmental health problems, many of which are common in large dog breeds.
Understanding the Breed’s Health Risks
Bernese Mountain Dogs, like many large breeds, have a relatively short lifespan compared to smaller breeds. Their susceptibility to a range of health issues is partly due to their size, but it also involves genetic predispositions that have been passed down through generations. Regular veterinary check-ups, proper nutrition, and a healthy lifestyle can all help in preventing or managing many of these issues.
Below, we will take an in-depth look at the most common health problems found in Bernese Mountain Dogs, offering insights on what owners can do to protect their pets and improve their quality of life.
1. Hip Dysplasia
What is Hip Dysplasia?
Hip dysplasia is a genetic condition where the ball and socket of the hip joint do not fit properly. This abnormality can cause the joint to deteriorate over time, leading to arthritis and pain. This condition is most common in large breeds like the Bernese Mountain Dog, and it often leads to lameness or difficulty walking, especially as the dog ages.
Signs and Symptoms:
- Limping or lameness in the hind legs
- Difficulty standing up after resting
- Reluctance to walk, run, or climb stairs
- Swollen or painful hips
How to Manage Hip Dysplasia:
While hip dysplasia is a genetic condition, responsible breeding practices can reduce the risk. Ensuring that the puppy’s parents have been screened for hip dysplasia is an important step in preventing this condition. If hip dysplasia is diagnosed, treatment options include medications to reduce pain and inflammation, weight management to reduce stress on the joints, and physical therapy. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace the hip joint.
2. Elbow Dysplasia
What is Elbow Dysplasia?
Elbow dysplasia is another common orthopedic issue that affects Bernese Mountain Dogs. Like hip dysplasia, it occurs when the bones in the elbow joint do not fit together properly, causing instability and eventually leading to arthritis. This condition can affect both elbows, though it is typically seen in one joint initially.
Signs and Symptoms:
- Lameness in the front legs
- Difficulty standing or walking
- Decreased range of motion in the elbows
- Swollen elbows
How to Manage Elbow Dysplasia:
Elbow dysplasia is also a hereditary condition, and while it cannot always be prevented, responsible breeding can help. If your Bernese Mountain Dog develops elbow dysplasia, your veterinarian may recommend anti-inflammatory medications, joint supplements, and weight management. In severe cases, surgery may be needed to correct the deformity or relieve pain.
3. Cancer
What is the Risk of Cancer in Bernese Mountain Dogs?
Unfortunately, Bernese Mountain Dogs are more prone to certain types of cancer than many other breeds. Studies have shown that cancer is one of the leading causes of death in Bernese Mountain Dogs, particularly in their later years. The most common cancers in this breed include histiocytic sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and hemangiosarcoma. These cancers tend to be aggressive and can develop quickly.
Signs and Symptoms:
- Lumps or swelling that may be painful
- Decreased energy or unusual lethargy
- Loss of appetite or weight loss
- Difficulty breathing or coughing
How to Manage Cancer in Bernese Mountain Dogs:
Since cancer can be a rapidly progressing disease, early detection is crucial. Regular veterinary check-ups are essential to detect any signs of cancer in the early stages. If your Bernese Mountain Dog is diagnosed with cancer, treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, depending on the type and stage of cancer. Palliative care may also be used to improve the dog’s quality of life.
4. Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)
What is Progressive Retinal Atrophy?
Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) is an inherited eye disease that causes the gradual degeneration of the retina, leading to vision loss. This condition is more common in older dogs but can affect Bernese Mountain Dogs as well. PRA typically starts with a loss of night vision and eventually leads to complete blindness.
Signs and Symptoms:
- Difficulty seeing in low light conditions
- Bumping into objects or navigating poorly
- Reluctance to go on walks, especially in dim light
- General disorientation
How to Manage PRA:
Unfortunately, there is no cure for PRA, and vision loss is inevitable. However, many dogs adapt to blindness by relying on their other senses, such as smell and hearing. To help your Bernese Mountain Dog adjust, maintain a consistent environment, and avoid rearranging furniture or objects in their living space. Early diagnosis can help owners prepare and provide the best quality of life for their dog.
5. Hypothyroidism
What is Hypothyroidism?
Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. This leads to a range of health issues, including weight gain, lethargy, hair loss, and skin problems. Bernese Mountain Dogs are predisposed to hypothyroidism, which can affect their overall energy levels and health.
Signs and Symptoms:
- Weight gain despite a normal diet
- Lethargy and tiredness
- Hair thinning or hair loss
- Dry, flaky skin
How to Manage Hypothyroidism:
Hypothyroidism is typically diagnosed through blood tests to check thyroid hormone levels. If your Bernese Mountain Dog is diagnosed with hypothyroidism, treatment typically involves daily thyroid hormone replacement medications. With proper management, dogs can live normal, healthy lives.
6. Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV) or Bloat
What is GDV?
Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV), also known as bloat, is a life-threatening condition that affects many large dog breeds, including the Bernese Mountain Dog. GDV occurs when the stomach becomes distended with gas and twists, cutting off the blood supply to the stomach. This condition can lead to shock and even death if not treated immediately.
Signs and Symptoms:
- A swollen or bloated abdomen
- Rapid, shallow breathing
- Unproductive attempts to vomit
- Restlessness and pacing
- Excessive drooling
How to Manage GDV:
If you suspect your Bernese Mountain Dog has bloat, seek emergency veterinary care immediately. Treatment often involves surgery to untwist the stomach and stabilize the dog. To help reduce the risk of GDV, avoid large meals, and ensure your dog does not engage in vigorous activity right after eating. Some dogs may also benefit from prophylactic surgery to prevent the stomach from twisting.
7. Von Willebrand Disease (vWD)
What is Von Willebrand Disease?
Von Willebrand Disease is a genetic disorder that affects the blood’s ability to clot properly. Dogs with vWD have low levels of von Willebrand factor, a protein that helps blood clot. This condition is inherited, and Bernese Mountain Dogs are one of the breeds that can be affected.
Signs and Symptoms:
- Excessive bleeding from minor cuts or wounds
- Nosebleeds or bleeding gums
- Prolonged bleeding after surgery
- Bruising or red spots on the skin
How to Manage Von Willebrand Disease:
While there is no cure for von Willebrand Disease, the condition can be managed. Dogs with vWD may need special treatment before surgeries or injuries to prevent excessive bleeding. Additionally, avoiding situations that could result in trauma or bleeding is important for affected dogs.
8. Cleft Palate
What is a Cleft Palate?
A cleft palate is a congenital defect in which there is an opening or gap in the roof of the mouth. This condition can make it difficult for affected dogs to eat or drink properly, and it may lead to aspiration pneumonia if not treated.
Signs and Symptoms:
- Difficulty eating or drinking
- Nasal discharge
- Coughing or gagging while eating
- Failure to thrive in puppies
How to Manage a Cleft Palate:
If a cleft palate is diagnosed in a Bernese Mountain Dog, surgery is often required to repair the gap. Puppies born with this condition may need special feeding techniques until they are old enough for surgery.
Conclusion
While Bernese Mountain Dogs are generally healthy and affectionate companions, they are susceptible to a range of health problems, many of which are common in large breeds. By being aware of these conditions, such as hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, cancer, and hypothyroidism, owners can take proactive steps to manage their dog’s health and ensure a high quality of life. Regular veterinary visits, responsible breeding, and proper care and attention can help prevent many of these conditions or reduce their impact. Bernese Mountain Dogs can live long, happy lives with the right support, making them one of the most beloved and cherished breeds.